Jack Shepherd Essay Example for Free

darn Shepherd EssayABCs hit television series, Lost, portrays elicit sheaths. From all walks of life, the characters have one and only(a) thing in common. They are all stranded on a deserted island somewhere off of the airlines charted flight course. Forty- eight remaining passengers are thr give together as a result of this terrible plane crash, the literary complication. As the plot continues, they mustiness all try to survive. A few of the survivors are badly injured, a few are hysterical, some are angry, and some are scared. No one appears to know what to do. labourer Shepherd is the protagonist who represents the hero of the pilot episode.Through indirect characterization, the writer presents Jack as a dynamic, round, and fully developed character. Jack Shepherd, as the protagonist, is a take-charge sort of guy who is the natural leader on the island, as illustrated by his actions early on in the episode. He calms a meaning(a) girl who is traumatized and having contrac tions, gives mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to an African American woman who has quit breathing, and he rescues, at the very last possible minute, a heavy-set guy and the expectant mother from disaster when he sees the plane collapsing.They are both unaware of the impending danger, and al close in superhero fashion, Jack runs down the beach and rescues them as the planes lost wing almost falls on the pair. The author presents him as an unselfish character who takes care of the needs of others first before seeking help for his own wounds. The Jones 02 author gives the viewers a glimpse into Jacks background through his conversations with Kate, an attractive passenger, who sews up Jacks wounds with a travel sewing kit.He tells Kate that he is a doctor, which explains his helping of the injured people on the island. Through this conversation, we learn that Jack, almost a superhero is a normal human being. He shows fear and vulnerability by telling Kate the story most the horrible lo ok that he had with the military operation of the 16-year-old girl. He shows strength by telling Kate his system for dealing with fear. The author is using indirect methods of characterization in presenting Jacks personality, and doesnt just tell the viewer about Jack.Through wake the viewer Jacks full range of emotions, the author presents Jack as a round character who is able to push fear aside. This character is the most developed character in the pilot episode. As a fully developed character, we know more (through his conversations and actions in trying to save the injured people), about Jack than we do any other character. His main traits are stability, leadership, and emotional stability in a time of crisis. Jack is a dynamic character who changes based on his experiences.He talks about how he neer lets fear take hold of him anymore as he relates the story of the surgery mistake to Kate. He shares his method of dealing with fear, and she later uses that method for herself later in the episode. I decided to give into the fear for 5 seconds and I counted 1,2,3,4,5, (Lost) Because of this experience in the past, he changed. Therefore we can assume that he is a real character with real emotions who is affected by what happens around him.The author never becomes the simple narrator who tells the viewers about Jack. It is left up to the viewer to decide what kind of character he is based on Jacks actions. This is indirect characterization. The main character traits of this character are caring, control and sense of duty to help others. His emotions are in control. The author or screenwriter reveals this when Jack goes off to himself to examine the situation. The camera pans to a shot where Jack is surveying the situation and catching his breath from all that has just happened.His facial expression reveals that he knows that the group is in serious trouble, but he knows he must remain in control. Jack is a thinking character who actively begins hard-hittin g for answers. Through a flashback scene, the writer reveals to the audience through Jacks eyes, the moments before the crash. The epiphany occurs when he realizes that something much more serious may be happening on the island, and they are all stranded in a very dangerous place.Jack Shepherd is the hero of the pilot episode. He confronts danger, takes charge, and begins to make decisions for the group. He does not let destiny control him. He seeks a solution to the problem, becoming a proactive leader. The author uses his presentation of Jack to show that he is a dynamic and round character who has caught the viewers attention, enticing them to tune in next week. Works Cited Pilot Episode. Lost. Abrams, Lieber, Lindelof. ABC. New York. 22 September 2004. Television.

Effects of Social Networking Sites Essay Example for Free

Effects of cordial Networking Sites EssayThe implementation of social networking sites has changed how the median(a) person communicates with others. Studies show that the average person conks at least nine hours a week surfing and posting on social network sites (http//socialnetworking.procon.org/). In fact, using social networking sites has non only improved our communication skills, but has had a negative impact as well.One of the many pros and cons to communicating on a networking site is the ability to stay connected. When a student graduates, a loved one moves, or a c arer changes, everyone wants to keep up with multitude they fetch grown to care for. beingness on a social networking site, you can friend request people you know to keep up with their daylight to day actions. This ensures we dont miss out on parts of someones life where we want to be included. Increasing the communication you acquit with someone, even online, strengthens your relationship. Unfortun ately, being able to stay connected has kept thousands connected in a less than personal way. Networking sites entice people to stay online and spend less face-to-face time with others. So, you may be connecting to friends and family, but you are being distracted by the time wasting activities and applications the site supplies. Your mother doesnt re eachy care if you reached level ten in the Adventures of Indiana Jones on Facebook. She wants to know how you are doing in your classes at school.Read moreEssays on Social NetworkingAnother way networking sites are affecting society is evident in the ability to find new people. Making new friends can be a wonderful thing. Consider the following scenario, you are interested in a certain musician and find their rapscallion on your networking site. On that same page are many others that have that common interest. Befriending these new people provides a new outlet for expression. A family member or friend may not like the same artist, but finding this new friend gives the ability to have someone to talk to about the subject. On the other hand, not all people surfing these sites that are looking for new friends are doing it for the right reasons.Artists and topics that attract a younger population give ample opportunity for predators to have access to the viewers. There is no way to know that the 15 year old girl youve become besties with is really a young girl, or if its really a pedophile looking for new prey. In Feb. 2009, MySpace identified 90,000 registered sex offenders with profiles on the site, while Facebook declined to reveal how many were present on its site (http//socialnetworking.procon.org/).Another example of how social networks affect society both positively and negatively is the ability to obtain nurture. Many networking sites created today are made for circumstantial genres of people. Sites like LinkedIn.com and CafeMom.com have been created to help people with life issues such as finding new jobs or getting tips on breastfed babies. If a person is jump and has trouble meeting that special someone, they can go to a networking site such as MeetUp.com. Sadly, not everything that is posted on these sites can be verified. virtually sites, like the match-making sites, have no way to verify that the person posting on their site is them. An older, obese person can post a fancy of a younger, thinner person to try and get a match. The site itself does not know that the picture posted is actually the person posting it. So, when the while shows up expecting person A, they are angry or upset that they meet person B, the real person, and bullying, fighting, or worse occurs. Too much false information is passed along the internet, and a large percent of it is done via networking sites.Overall, social networking sites cant wholly be praised or put down for being bad. Being able to stay connected, make new friends, and get information via these sites has its pros and cons. No matter what changes are made, there will always be those that say the sites are good for our society, and those that say the dangers outweigh the benefits.ReferencesAre social networking sites good for our society? (2012). Retrieved from http//socialnetworking.procon.org/

How do you respond to Shakespeares presentation Essay Example for Free

How do you respond to Shakespeares presentation EssayThe theme of returns and sons, and responsibilities and obligations lay on sons, by fathers, is arguably one of the more important themes in the play. Shakespeare puts forward three main interpretations of father and son kinships, and each brings out interesting viewpoints close responsibilities and obligations for the reader. The kickoff father and son traffichip that Shakespeare presents is that of Hamlet and his father, old Hamlet. In the encounter between Hamlet and the ghost of his father, Hamlet has the responsibility of revenge thrust upon him, and he whoremasternot reject it, List, list, O, listIf thou didst ever thy dear father love If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not. Shakespeare presents old Hamlet as beingness pathetic and incapable of avenging himself. The ghost, therefore, does not incite Hamlets initiative by instilling fear in him, but rather through putting him in a guilt-trap, making Hamlet feel that he is somehow obliged to carry out the vengeful murder in place of his father, as the ghost cannot cling to it himself. In my opinion, this swear out, on the part of the ghost, was the final push that caused Hamlet to fall into his apparent madness. Hamlet was obviously moved by the ghosts words.And thy commandment all unsocial shall live Within the book and volume of my brain, Unmixed with baser matter. This was very largely unfair of the ghost of his father, on Hamlet, enthusiastic though he seemed at first. It placed an unnaturally large amount of pressure on Hamlet, having to commit such a daunting act, however justified it may have seemed. Shakespeare emphasizes the effect of this action in Hamlets life, in the many incidences and soliloquys where Hamlet just muses, thinks the situation out and talks about it, but can never bring himself to actually do anything about the revenge.In the relationship of Laertes and Polonius, there is not so much responsibility placed on Laertes by Polonius, as there is nagging and nitpicking about the way that Laertes should present himself and the way he should live his life when he is overseas. In this sense, the responsibilities being placed on Laertes are those of keeping in his fathers provide and rule, and maintaining a good name for himself. At the point in the play, in act I. 3, Polonius is displayed by Shakespeare as just another normal father, or mayhap more appropriately, a mother, who is proud of his son, but needs to remind him to keep a good image all the same.This bestowing of responsibility can be considered to be only natural for any father to do. However, in act II. 1, we see that Polonius is actually quite obsessed with the idea that his son might bring pathos to Polonius, and goes to the extents of sending a spy keep a watch on Laertes, and even muddy his name, so that he does not rush too comfortable. and breath his faults so quaintly that they may seem The taints of liberty, the flash and outbreak of a fiery Mind I saw him enter a theater of operations of sale,Videlicet, a brothel, or so forth. Polonius even goes to extents of dishonouring so that he may retain his own honour, which is a rather strange sense of logic. In this sense, it can be said that Polonius places responsibility on his son just to save himself any possible shame. This is rather selfish on the part of Polonius, but it is in accordance with Shakespeares illustration of Poloniuss character as being that of a conniving, scheming, slightly evil old man that you might feel sorry for.In the relationship of young Fortinbras and his foster-father, or father-figure, old Norway, we see, again, a normal attitude of a parent toward their child. When Fortinbrass plans for an attack on Claudiuss realm are found out by Norway, he immediately admonishes the impetuous firebrand of a youth and prevents him from doing so. When Fortinbras indicates that he doesnt actually want to go along with the attack, Norway for gives him and even allows him to come to Denmark on peace-loving terms. In this sense, old Norway is teaching Fortinbras the responsibility of thinking clearly and not acting rashly or whimsically.On the whole, Shakespeare presents the responsibilities and obligations placed on the sons, by their fathers, in Hamlet, as ways for the fathers to get what they want. In the case of Hamlet and the ghost, it is for the ghosts want of revenge and justice for a murder most foul, without much thought as to the effects of the deed, and even the contemplation of the deed, in the case of Hamlet, on him. In the case of Laertes and Polonius, it is a selfish and unwarranted want to save his own administration from any shame that Laertes need not necessarily have caused in the first place.In the case of Norway and Fortinbras, it is the want to maintain good diplomatic relations and the prevention of unnecessary quarrels. In all cases except the diplomatic one, the fathers in question were rather s elfish and self-centered in thinking of ways to get their sons to do their bidding. In the case of Norway and Fortinbras, it was done for diplomatic reasons, but it was still to save the bed-ridden Norways old skin. This gives a rather negative impression of father figures and what they fork their children to do.Possibly, Shakespeare chose to illustrate these aspects of fatherhood the way that he did because it was his own interpretation of responsibilities and obligations set down by fathers, maybe drawn from his own bad experiences with his own father during his younger days. Hamlet, as a play, could be then seen to be a Shakespearean self-help guide on How to know what is right to do as a father by knowing what is wrong to do as a father, and it could have been a lesson to all the bad fathers out there who use assure their sons as they would a mindless henchman.

The Challenges Of Protecting Personal Information Information Technology Essay

The Challenges Of Protecting Personal Information Information Technology EssayThe aim of this paper is to review the splendour of private cultivation, as well as known as sensitive info that atomic number 18 actually used virtually by any organisation in this twenty-first century. Personal study has become the biggest issue around the world, either processing or protect it. But, in this article, the focus is on the health care transcription which is the Electric Health Record carcass (EHR), it is a system use to record health information electronically. Having the legislation, rules and regulation in place, it is found that this system has fai guide to support protection on person-to-person information. As a liaison of fact, this system has managed to be exploited by unauthorised stack. The EHR system was non fully tried and true accordingly to meet the end-users requirement, but released to the health dish for use. The growth of data loss is increasingly common a mong the organisations in day to life and challenges in protecting individualized data have emerged. It is therefore essential that health care service establish a better security constitution to protect the personal data. This research paper depart explain the security issues need to be enforced in order to protect data from the vulnerabilities.1. INTRODUCTIONOne of the almost significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is the security of data. It has become a central issue for many organisations to achieve a boffo information system within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints in order to protect privacy, confidentiality and security. Researchers like Olvingson et al. (2003) suggest that there have been drastic changes in the provision of health services since the introduction of computers approximately three decades ago and issues related to the protection of personal health information have conclusioned in two technical research and politica l debate.1 Thus, it can be justified that security of data is still the leading social movement of failure in software system development.The main issues spoken languageed in this paper are personal information, data protection and security. It has been divided into four move. The first one deals with the explanation of personal data, data protection and disclosure of data. The second part is to evaluate the risks and the impact on information system. The 3rd one is to present different approaches to counter these risks. The forth one is to provide a summary of findings that can be use as lessons in the future.The purpose of this paper is to review the latest years of research into these parts and critically evaluate and validate this case study.1.1 What is personal data?Personal data can be classified into three main categories these are contact, pen and behavioural information. It contains the detail information of a living person that is unique to each individual. In this s cenario, the personal data reveals the information of individuals health such(prenominal) as name, racial origin ,blood group, sex, DNA, contact details, next of kin, illnesses, treatment and General Practitioners detail. at that placefore, EHR system functions at its outgo to record and transmit this information throughout the health service organisations. But, the biggest challenge of this system is to protect the privacy of patients health information. The main question addressed in this paper is how to protect this sensitive data. According to Croll.P.R (2010), he discusses that the military posture of Privacy and security measures depend mostly on the policies adopted by the healthcare organisation.2 It can be argued that research shows that there is inadequate policies enforce by the government and the medical organisation to prevent further harm on personal data. It can just be suggested that future research should determine how to address these issues effectively and gene rate effective security policies in IS project development1.2 Data Protection work on is a legislation that has been established since 1984 and replaced in 1998, it is an Act to protect personal data. The principles of this Act are to make sure that data is accurate and correct. Information should be fairly and lawfully processed. Personal data should non be kept longer than necessary and processed for limited purposes. It should be adequate, relevant and up to date. The most important ones are non to reveal personal data in any manner and should be sterilise. Personal data should be processed in accordance with the data subjects rights. This Data Act also emphasizes on the accessibility of data, that is to say who is allowed to access to the data and down the stairs what conditions. Liability is crucial because it is about who is responsible if the data is abused. Haasa S. et al (2010), they argue that even if the providers policy states that data protection regulations and le gislation are met, patients can non control the EHR providers usage of their data. 3 Thus, it can be discussed that EHR system is not a single medical institution any longer and it is run by another(prenominal) enterprises who maintain the electronic records system where they have access to the personal data and able to disclose private information to other third parties. According to this article, the National Health Information Network (NHIN) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) cannot guarantee the security of health records because they are not sure people working within the medical organisation will abide by the rule.1.3 Disclosure of Data is the revelation of data it can be either wanted or unwanted disclosure. This heart and soul that one can either reveal the personal data to the authorised party or to the third party that could be unauthorised without any conditions. But, this paper focuses on the risks that are associated with the data that is disclosed inappropriately. Researchers have found that the in-house sabotage is the leading cause of manduction information to the third parties. It is the most common risk factor that has been identified by recent studies so far. An example of this potential risk of harvesting personal data for commercial purposes is the CAMM scam in Australia, 2003. It is a company promoting pharmaceutical activities and manages to upload the EHR system where they extract the personal data with some doctors approval. 4 Later, it was found that CAMM did not just use it for the pharmaceutical purposes, but also sold it to many insurance companies and to other organisations that wanted to buy the data. Hence, it can be argued that this can cause significant threats to patients privacy. Concerns have been raised by several bodies about the poor regulatory structures and policies implementing by the government in protecting personal data. The other associated risks are hackers, natural disaster, terro rism and viruses. According to the case study, the fact and figures shows that 99% were the staff that had the opportunity to target the system and 88% of the organisations had lost money between five hundred dollars to 10 millions of dollars.5 The most surprising fact is when staff leaves the organisation, they are the one who become the attackers of the company. Security breaches mostly when there is lack of access control which leads to information technology sabotage. Angus N (2005) argues that if it is for the benefit of the patient, information can be shared within the multidisciplinary team caring for the patient and does not apply to research, tenet or other unqualified members.6 Thus, it can be justified that information should only be disclosed appropriately and safely to the people required or authorised by the legislation and hence this will improve the security issues.2. Evaluation of the risks and impact on information systemsThis part of the discussion is about the military rank of the risks listed above and the impact on information systems in terms of storage, transport, access management and disclosure are as followsStorage -The idea of the freedom people working anywhere has in fact increase the ability to carry data on portable hard drives, laptops and USB sticks. Recent report has confirmed that data leakage have become very common among the organisations and has great impact on the relationship to customer due to the loss of laptops and USB. For example the case of the PA consulting who transferred the personal data of 84,000 prisoners in England and Wales to a memory sticks that gone missing. 7 This was a total disaster in terms of money loss and identity frauds. There is increasing concern of obtain on line because of security which is the major perception whether to buy or not to on line. Recent developments in victimization credit cards have heightened the need for better security policy to protect personal bank details from hacke rs. Transport -The crucial thing is when electronic data is carrying insecurely in public domain and from one domain to another. That has an inverse impact on information systems such as people will lose confidence in using the system. Economically speaking, the risks to organisations have grown immensely where consumers and businesses suffer from loss of availability, integrity and confidentiality. If any of these is loss either unintentionally or deliberately, this will affect the organisations productivity, popularity and much more. According to this case study, the health service system is more networked and that lead to an increase of intrusion and malware. The statistic research shows that health care companies in United States had an average of 13,400 attacks per day at the end of 2009, according to the Secure Works where some of these attacks are hacking credit card and others are automated attacks from malware which infect computers via networks and USB sticks. 8 In UK, la te 2009, there were three London Hospitals that were forced to shut down their computer networks due to the infected malware known as Mytob. 9 It can be argued that has an adverse impact on NHS because 4,700 computers were infected and it took about two weeks to eliminate the virus which was cost-effective and data loss.10 These attacks can also result in wrong diagnosis of patients and even cause death if the patients information have been erased or mislead by the malicious attack. Access Management is about the authentication process which deals with the authorization of user sID and password to have access to the data. Concerns have been raised by several bodies about the poor password management. This means that passwordword is not changed regularly and has the same default fixed password which in turn makes the system vulnerable to most attacks. In fact, this scenario states that the user do not need to have administrator access to do serious damage to the health records. McSh erry (2004) suggests that with the growing effectiveness of data retrieval engines and data mining techniques, personal data has become vulnerable to unauthorised people. 11 It can be argued that data kept electronically makes it easier to exploit by data thieves and other intruders. Disclosure this explains to whom information should be disclosed to, that is to say who is liable to receive this information and on what conditions. The employees have a recognize role to play regarding this because whether they are liable under the Data Protection Act, company rules and regulation or not. But in most cases as mentioned above, it is found that mostly the staff that breaches the contract while traffic with personal information.3. Controls and countermeasuresPresentation of different approaches will be discussed in this part of the paper to counter these risks listed above. Recent developments in the field of security issues have led to a renewed interest in encryption. Encryption is the process of converting information into codes. It is in the form of computer programs software used to secure data. That is to say, a sender enters his / her personal data, it is first get encrypted and then decrypted before it reach to the receiver. It is one of the best solutions to all of these potential threats. Encryption is distinguished to protect communications and secure data effectively and safely, thus it can be justified that encryption should be enforced by the organisations internally and externally. This also applies on mobile devices, such as mobile phones and laptops where data are stored. Good and effective password management policy should be utilise at workplace. As a matter fact, authentication is the key factor of security issues, thus it is important to have strong methods, for example change password regularly and change the default. Staff should not bypass password in any manner. Education and training regarding data protection should be continuously adh ered to employees. Public key infrastructure should be implemented as it provides a means to generate, administer and revoke digital certificate. It works similar to personal IDs, public key provides authentication where as the private key provides confidentiality. Therefore, encryption should be critically put in force when data is transmitted from one place to another, for passwords to limit unauthorised access and while storing data in databases and files. Firewall and other anti -virus software are also countermeasures that are needed to deploy by organisation to protect, detect and remove virus infection. However, a major problem with this kind of practical lotion is organisation often focus on security issues and forget the safety issues when it comes to the rules and regulations, thus medical system should accentuate on safety measures. Standards need to be followed to enable security protection. It is important that information is disclosed appropriately and safely to the required people on conditions. about other measures that need to be considered are check has to be made with Internet Service Provider whether personal details are protected and shopping online should take place only through secure server which is https and not http. It is important to delete the browsing details after the transactions are end and that helps protecting the online privacy. The most important one is for staff to abide by the rules and regulation in the organisation to successfully protect the personal data. However, Guarda P and Zannone N (2009), they suggest that it is difficult for an organisation to assure data subjects about the correct execution of data processing. 12 It can thus be argued that data processing is a very delicate activity which need better assurance policy. According to the case study, an automated security testing tool was used in OpenEMR application and discovered about 400 vulnerabilities. Implementation bugs are code-level security problems . 13. It was found that EHRs did not manage to keep up with discretion of patients records. An SQL injection attack was performed in OpenEMR and enabled to log in as the Front Office user without administravives authorization. Using this technique, it is established that any table in the database could be exploited, but the Proprietary Med application was safe. A Cross-site scripting attack is when malicious script is entered into the webpage. It was also successful and managed to exploit six in each application. It can thus be justified that the best way to test web application is to have the cross-site script applied correctly. Cookies- are small text files contain information such as username, flummox page, user preferences and contents of a shopping cart, they are use to analyse the user and support junk mail.

Prison Life History And Today

Prison Life History And To twenty-four hour periodPrison deals with pris peerlessrs from completely kinds of backgrounds. Every prisoner has different problems and on that address are a range of services on come toer to help them while in prison to trail them for their eventual release. Prison is a place used for con very well ment of convicted criminals (Gaines, Miller, 2009). Aside from the d run downh penalty, a sentence to prison is the harshest punishment visitd on criminals in the United States. On the catereral level, imprisonment or incarceration is managed by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a federal agency within the department of arbiter (Gaines, Miller, 2009). State prisons are supervised by a democracy agency such as a department of corrections. Confinement in prison, as well cognize as a penitentiary or correctional facility, is the punishment that courts most commonly impose for serious crimes, such as felonies. For lesser crimes, courts normally impose sh ort term incarceration in a jail, detention substance, or similar facility (Gaines, Miller, 2009).Prison life of the 1700s of an accused was non as strict. thither were windows that the prisoners could look through and through in order to solicit for charity from the people walking by, and some clocks prisoners would be allowed to sell things at the prison gates (Prison life, 2011). Although thither are many differences between the life of a prison in the 1700s and the life of a prisoner today, there are also many similarities. apiece accused individual was captured by the police and taken to the nearest consenting electric cell (Prison life, 2011). These cells were in prisons called local prisons. The individual was then let free or convicted of his or her crime. If convicted, the individual was taken to the closest common prison (Prison life, 2011).During the 1700s there were only local holding jails, common prisons, and houses of correction later, during the 1800s prisons b ecame more separated and prisoners were appoint to the appropriate prison (Prison life, 2011). The convicted were not stripped of their belongings like in todays prisons, but they were searched for weapons or objects that could be used to escape. Once inside, the prisoner was assigned a small cell made of hard walls, floors c invariablyywhereed in dirt and rodents, and a bed (Prison life, 2011). If the prisoner was lucky, this bed consisted of a small hammock fastened to opposite walls, but often times it was made of a wooden bench or the floor. For meals the prisoners were scarcely fed, but if they were, little rations of bread and water were given. some times the prisoners died of starvation and thirst (Prison life, 2011).According to the Burlington County in New Jersey, in the 1800s when the prison was initially designed, apiece inmate was to adopt his or her own cell with a fireplace and a narrow, unglazed window placed above eye level (Prison life, 2011.)The rules of the jail directed that prisoners were to be bathed, deloused, and harbour their c jalopyhing fumigated, and that each cell should have a bible or prayer book to improve the soul. Individual cells, planned for felons or criminals, were arranged in sets of four, rendering off a short hall at each end of the building (Prison life, 2011). These blocks of cells were to house separate groups, such as routine criminals, first offenders, or women. The big populates on the main hallways were to provide accommodation the debtors, imprisoned for owing money. These were common ways, sometimes holding three or four men at a time, although there are some records that indicate that up to 30 debtors were housed at one time in the jail(Prison life, 2011). During their day, debtors were to be allowed to move close the jail, operative at various modify chores or employed in the basement workshop (Prison life, 2011).Then the dungeon or maximum-security cell was in the center of the conduce floor ( Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). That location was carefully chosen to prevent escape by digging, to minimize communication with criminals in the cell blocks, and to ensure constant surveillance by guards making rounds. This was the only cell without a fireplace. It is flanked by niches for guards or visitors and has one very high, very small window and an iron ring in the center of the floor to which the prisoner could be chained (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008).Until 1888, the jail keeper and his wife and family would live in two rooms on the first floor of the jail. The Keepers wife was anticipated to supervise the womanly inmates and the Keeper was to execute the rules of the jail as devised by the prison board, which was composed of members of the freeholders. The Keeper and his family lived in these quarters until the adjacent brick house, attached by a passageway, was constructed on the corner of Grant and High Streets (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008).In keeping with the purpose designed into the structure, the basement level enclosed workshops where prisoners were expected to go out a useful trade, such as how to make brooms, baskets, or shingles (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). The notion didnt work, given the short time most inmates spent in the jail, and over time, the workshops became used as minimum security cells. Another, less supervised pastime of the inmates that endured through the ages was prisoner graffiti (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). Depicting humor, despair, and a belated piety, s foreveral fine examples of this art have been photo conserved and are on dis add throughout the building. The felons eating room, also in the basement, allowed controlled regain to the suffice yard with its cardinal foot wall. Outside, prisoners could tend a small garden of fresh ve stay putables. In one corner of the yard, an area was set aside for the gallows, which were dismantled and stored between hangings (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008).Food, linens, cle aning supplies, and craft materials were stored in the basement near the kitchen, baking, and washing facilities. Once a day, the prisoners were to be served a main meal of meat and vegetables. The other two meals were usually cooked cereals or grains. They had milk and cider to drink, as well as water (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). One of the inmates was made chief cook, preparing all prison meals, and that inmate slept in a basement cell next to the kitchen. Large washtubs were provided for laundry and regular baths for the prisoners (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008).Also the relatively few women who were imprisoned at the beginning of the 19th century were confined in separate quarters or wings of mens prisons (Sullivan, 2006). Like the men, women suffered from filthy conditions, overcrowding, and harsh treatment. In 1838 in the New York City Jail known as the tombs, for instance, there were forty two one person cells for seventy women. In the 1920s at Auburn Penitentiary in New Y ork, there were no separate cells for the twenty five or so women serving sentences up to fourteen years (Sullivan, 2006). They were all lodged together in a one room attic, the windows sealed to prevent communication with men. But women had to endure even more. Primary among these additional negative aspects was awakenual abuse, which was reportedly a common occurrence. In 1826 a woman named Rachel Welch became pregnant while serving in solitary confinement as a punishment and shortly after childbirth she died as a result of flogging by a prison official (Sullivan, 2006).Such wind upual abuse was in fact so acceptable that the Indiana state prison actually ran a prostitution service for male guards, using young-bearing(prenominal) prisoners (Sullivan, 2006). In addition, women received the short end of even the prison stick. quite of spending the money to hire a matron, women were often left completely on their own, defenseless to attack by guards. Women had less access to the physician and chaplain and did not go to workshops, mess halls, or exercise yards as men did. Food was brought to their quarters, and they remained in that area for the full term of their sentence (Sullivan, 2006).As fearsome as the prison seemed, it was not escape proof. The walls were scaled and the roof penetrated many times in its history. The chosen routes to freedom seem to have been through the roof of the jail, and along the yard wall or the roof of the passageway to a place of descent. One notable escape occurred in 1875(Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). Four inmates punched a hole through the ceiling of an upper corridor cell to gain access to the roof, went down the sloping front wall and down around the woodpile beside the prison yard gate. A fifth part accomplice was too large to fit through the hole and insisted at being left john (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). Despite a quick response by the warden, it seems that at least some of these escapees were neer caught.In the Burlington County Jail, some criminals were fated to spend their last days on earth. State law mandated that criminals convicted of a roof crime were to be executed in the County in which they were found guilty, and Burlington County was no exception (Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008). Several public hangings were conducted in the prison yard on a gallows erected for each occasion. Originally designed to house approximately 40 prisoners, the Burlington County Prison held over 100 inmates when they were moved to a converted armory that formerly stood behind the jail. Overcrowded conditions required yet another, larger prison which was erected in 1983(Johnson, Wolfe, Jones, 2008).The daily life in Folsom State Prison back in 1880, prisoners were woken up by an premature morning bell and were dressed and beds had to be made and stand in their cell doors with their night buckets (Prison life, 2011). Once they were unlocked they marched down to the middle of the building where there was a set of steel doors that were hinged to the floor (Prison life, 2011). When they filed out for the day, they would all dump their nights waste from the bucket down a hole and then limestone would be throw in the hole and water to flush the waste away. At dinner they would take to with them at so when the prisoner got locked up for the night again, they had their toilet with them (Prison life, 2011).During that time the prisoner would eat beans for dinner which were place on plate and not utensils were used. You had to eat with your face down in the plate and no talking was ever allowed. If you were good prisoners could earn the right to eat boiled beef and vegetables (Prison life, 2011). However if you were a con boss, which is somebody who is the boss of other prisoners, prisoner could then eat a variety of stewed meats and vegetables that were in season and use tin dishes and have utensils and talk during dinner(Prison life, 2011). Prisoners of Folsom State Prison generally work ed seven and half hour days with no break. They completed their work day by early afternoon and lights out was enforced by eight o clock with no exceptions (Prison life, 2011).Another example of past prison life was in the Andersonville prison during the late 1800s to cope with the horrible conditions within the stockade, prisoners turned to various activities (Prison life, 2011). They carved objects, render songs, played games such as checkers and cards, read any material they could get, and wrote letters and diaries. Letters home were censored by prison officials, and many never reached their destinations. Other prisoners, intent on escape, spent time digging tunnels (Prison life, 2011). Although there are no records of successful escapes via tunnels, some men did escape, mainly from work crews when outback(a) the prison. The horrendous living conditions at Andersonville resulted in the deaths of thousands of prisoners (Prison life, 2011).Now moving forward to current day prison life, In Arizona, the state prison system has four levels minimum, medium, closed and maximum. As an inmate goes up in duress level, the less freedom they are allowed. A minimum custody inmate typically lives in dorm style housing units and an open yard (Ranzau, 2009). Inmates would get woken up at 530 a.m. and they have free rein to walk the yard, go to chow on their own at the designated times and attend any classes and work assignments they have chosen until the yard locks down for the evening at 830 p.m (Ranzau, 2009). A closed custody inmate lives in a two-man cell with controlled movement. Controlled movement means that officeholders escort the inmates anytime they leave their housing unit (Ranzau, 2009). A closed custody unit usually has a cluster of cells in a building with one control room called a pod. The control room uses a computer to access the doors to the cells though keys can be used to open cells in case of a power outage (Ranzau, 2009). This particular closed c ustody unit is supplyed with one officer in the control room and one floor officer in charge of two pods of inmates (Ranzau, 2009). The inmates are escorted by an officer over they go, either individually or as a group. They are escorted as a group to the chow hall for their meals and to the frolic field for their exercise (Ranzau, 2009).Medium custody inmates also live in a dorm style setting similar to minimum custody inmates. Medium custody inmates have some controlled movement but are not escorted by officers (Ranzau, 2009). The control room officer, only letting out certain segments of their dorm at a time to eat or go to recreation, controls the movement. There are officers on the yard to make sure the inmates get to where they are supposed to go (Ranzau, 2009). A maximum custody unit is strictly controlled. The inmates are only allowed to leave their cell one hour a day to go to a recreation pen. These inmates are fed in their cells through fodder traps in the door (Ranza u, 2009). These inmates are usually considered the castigate type of inmate or they may lease protection from the general population for information they have given staff or for something they did on the yard (Ranzau, 2009). One would think prison life everywhere would run as smoothly as this, but no.Currently at Pelican Bay State Prison in northern California there are more than 1,200 inmates, its one of the largest and oldest isolation units in the country, and its the model that dozens of other states have followed. It is a maximum security prison. Although all the inmates are in isolation, theres lots of noise such as keys rattling, toilets flushing, and inmates shouting out to each other from one cell to the next(Sullivan, 2006). Twice a day, officers push plastic food trays through the small portals in the metal doors. It is said they only contact that you have with individuals is what they call a pinky shake, which is when you stick your pinky through one of the little hole s in the door. The hallways shoot out like spokes on a wheel(Sullivan, 2006).In the center, high off the floor, an officer sits at a panel of savoury and red buttons controlling the doors. The officer in the booth can go an entire shift without actually seeing an inmate face to face (Sullivan, 2006). removed below, an inmate walks a few feet from his cell, through a metal door at the end of the hallway, and out into the yard. The exercise yards at Pelican Bay are about the length of two small cars. The cement walls are 20 feet high. On top is a metal grate and through the grate is a smirch of sky (Sullivan, 2006). According to Sullivan, Associate Warden Williams says they dont allow inmates to have any kind of exercise equipment. Most of the time, they do push-ups. Some of them just walk back and forth for exercise. (Sullivan, 2006).It is just basically to come out, stretch their legs and get some fresh air. Each month, officers squeeze soap, shampoo and toothpaste into paper cu ps for the inmates (Sullivan, 2006). Even though are put outd a jumpsuit, in two days at the facility, there doesnt seem to be a single prisoner wearing one. All of them are wearing their chthonianwear, white boxer shorts, t-shirts and flip-flops (Sullivan, 2006). In the psychiatric at Pelican Bay, some inmates stand in the middle of their cell, hollering at no one in particular. Anothers bang their passport against the cell door. Many of the inmates are naked, some exposing themselves. Obviously prison life can play a huge toll the mentality. One in 10 inmates in segregation was housed there. Theres even a waiting list (Sullivan, 2006).Recently in Georgia the horrible treatment and conditions of the prison made headlines. Finally fed up with bad food, unjust treatment, poor education and inadequate health care, thousands of inmates in Georgias prison system staged Lockdown for Liberty, which was a peaceful protest on Dec. 9, 2010. According to Charlene Muhammad, a national corr espondent for the Final Call newspaper all of the Black, White, and Latino inmates from Augusta, Baldwin, Hancock, Hays, Macon, Smith, and Telfair State Prisons refused to leave their cells for work and other activities, partly because they odour the Georgia Department of Corrections treats them like slaves(Muhammad, 2010).Ironically in a 2006 report, Human Rights Watch characterized conditions in Georgia prisons as appalling. Many inmates were vulnerable to debasing treatment due to overcrowding and unsanitary facilities, the report added (Muhammad, 2010). More recently, the State Departments 2008 human rights country report for Georgia noted that the countrys prisons and pre trial detention centers failed to meet world(prenominal) standards. It also expressed concern about Georgian Justice Ministry data that showed 94 inmates died while in custody in 2008(Muhammad, 2010). Overcrowding is a huge issue also. Today, there are approximately 20,000 prisoners in Georgia, a 300-percen t attach over the past five years, according to a 2009 PRI report (Muhammad, 2010).Georgias prisons are some of the worst in the U.S. Cells are overcrowded, packing prisoners into confined spaces like sardines (Muhammad, 2010). Prisoners are forced to work, doing the maintenance and servicing of the prison for little or no pay. The guards are mislead and violent, instigating fights between prisoners for their amusement (Muhammad, 2010). Prisoners are forced to pay outrageous costs for the most minimal health care. On top of that most prisoners are denied access to programs for education beyond obtaining a GED. Overall Georgia spends $10,000 less per year per prisoner than the national average. The lack of funding shows in how prisoners are treated. (Muhammad, 2010).Every day prison life for women differs from daily prison life for men. Unlike male inmates, women in general do not present an direct, violent physical risk to staff members and fellow inmates. In fact, hardly any yo ung-bearing(prenominal) prisons report any major instances of violence (Saxena, 2008). Violence is more often than not saturated only in male prisons. In addition, female prisons do not involve the anti authority inmate social code oft realised in male prisons (Saxena, 2008). In male prisons, life in prison is normally governed by mandates set forth by gang leaders. This includes no snitching, not cooperating with authorities, and attacking disloyal members. Gang activity is greatly reduced in female prisons (Saxena, 2008).Furthermore, the little bit of gang activity that does occur in female prisons doesnt end up affecting the whole infrastructure like in a male prison (Saxena, 2008). However, being restricted does cause a lot of sever anxiety and anger for many women, especially since they are separated from their families and loved ones (Gaines, Miller, 2009). Sometimes, women are in prison while pregnant and are oftentimes forced to give birth in the prison. Afterwards, their child is either instantly removed, or permitted to stay with the mother for a short period of time (Gaines, Miller, 2009). cleaning woman can also partake in conjugal visits, but this will not make up for all the lost time.Women in prison also cope with their problems differently. Unlike men, who direct their anger outward, female prisoners tend to revert to more self destructive acts in order to deal with the situation. In fact, female inmates are much more likely than male prisoners to mutilate their own bodies and attempt suicide (Saxena, 2008). These activities include simple scratches, carving the name of their boyfriend on their body, and cutting their wrists. Wrist cutting is actually a huge concern amongst prison officials (Saxena, 2008). Blood released from wrist cutting can spread to others and drastically increase inmates and staff members risk of contracting an STD like Aids or hepatitis (Saxena, 2008).Another method utilized by female prisons for adapting to prison l ife is the falsehood of a make believe family (Gaines, Miller, 2009). These groups normally contain masculine and feminine figures that act as fathers, mothers, brothers, and sisters. Unceremonious marriages and divorces may even be performed (Gaines, Miller, 2009). Sometimes, an inmate may hold multiple roles. For example a woman can play a sister in one family and a wife in another. Oftentimes, gay women play the male roles (Gaines, Miller, 2009). Although an extreme difference in prison life exists between men and women, the hurt and frustration still remain the very(prenominal) (Gaines, Miller, 2009). What can be said, though, is that women deal with the situation differently than men.In a study conducted by Mark Fleisher in 2006, according to Heidi Cool, Fleishers research was the first cultural study ever conducted on prison ravish in U.S. prisons. This study includes research that he has done over the past twenty years on prison market-gardening. surrounded by 2003 an d 2005, Fleisher composed information about prison life rapes by interviewing 564 inmates in mens high security and womens medium and high security prisons in the United States (Cool, 2006). The controlled interviews, with open ended questions, lasted between 90 minutes to, in numerous cases, six to seven hours and generated a widespread compilation of prison slang involving depend on and rape and national cultural themes about prison rape shared by inmates across the country.Fleisher figured out that prison inmate life is a culture that is determined by a need for social order and the fashional rules of prison sexual culture is drastically different from sexual conduct rules for international of prison (Cool, 2006). The problem of consent is complicated on so many levels but in the end, consensual sex as we know it doesnt have an uniform meaning in prison inmate culture, he states horrible images of unsafe prisons and widespread rape. The culture of prison sexuality, as well a s ideas on rape, are not simply community tactual sensations transported inside prisons, rather they are different beliefs and create a different social reality (Cool, 2006). There is no equivalent in inmate sexual culture thats equal to our perception of rape.Once a person enters and begins their prison life, they start reexamine their sense of sexuality men and women who may have never before engaged in same sex dealings will probably try it at some point during their sentence (Cool, 2006). Majority of same sex relations are voluntary, which means they dont have to do anything they dont want to do (Cool, 2006). However not all same sex relations are essentially deemed by inmates as transsexual(prenominal) relationships in the prison culture. Theres a broad range of same sex behavior but inmate culture views several acts as homosexual while other related acts are considered straight (Cool, 2006). The only true freedom they have in prison life is their sexual freedom. Another fin ding that surprised Fleisher according to Cool, was that in the worldview of both men and women inmates, there is a strong belief that men and women have a homosexual identity at their core and that having same sex relations in prison help them come to cost with this emerging sexuality(Cool, 2006). As for lesbian experience for women, studies have established that even experienced inmates come across heterosexual women with husbands and children, begin same sex relations within days and weeks of their arrival but upon released return to heterosexual behavior (Cool, 2006). Both men and women inmates put in plain words that same sex relations among those different with it as curiosity (Cool, 2006).Within prison life, inmate society interprets mens slow but sure involvement in same sex behavior as getting in touch with their feminine tendencies (Cool, 2006). Inmates say that the bulk of them dont have sexual affairs but eventually an inner homosexual prevails in the life of a prisoner (Cool, 2006).Furthermore, it is very infrequent for the women to be raped or obligated into sex by male or female staff nevertheless personal relationships can develop between sexual relations. Believe it or not female inmates state they do not go in in having sex with male or female staff members unless it benefits them in some material way (Cool, 2006). Some of the benefits may include bringing them nose or cigarettes or giving them money, which can be used for food, soap or stamps (Cool, 2006). Within Fleishers report, women prisoners say they will not deal with unnecessary sex among them and staff, although they have been notorious to use allegations of unwanted sex to acquire a transfer or to get revenge in a against a staff member (Cool, 2006). Evidence informs us that presently over 300,000 instances of prison rape occur in a year. 196,000 are projected to happen to men in prison in addition to 123,000 are estimated to happen to the men in county jail. (Cool, 2006).Obvious ly life in prison has evolved for the better but yet seems to get worse for todays times. It maintains that survival of the fittest mentality and almost an updated caveman reality. Prison life will never get better unless we get over crowding under control and get better standards as to how they are ran.

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy can be broken up into different components. The first being the designing of education, second, the nature of knowledge the students has, third the nature of the student, fourth the method that is used when teaching, and last, but not least the curriculum that is taught in schools. I feel that the train of education is to create a better person as well as a better environment. To mean solar day, people need education more than than ever, whether its preschool, essence school, high school, or even college. If a person has an education, they forget have better job stability, which means that wouldnt lose their job. Technology gets better day by day. Jobs that required manual take a crap fifteen years ago atomic number 18 now using computers or machines to get the work done. For example manufacturing plants these days use computers and machines to do mostly all the work, unlike years ago when everything had to be done by hand. I do not know, n or do I want to know how it would feel to have a nonliving thing to take my job. This could cause a person to have few serious mental downfalls which brings me to Rousseau. I agree with him when he says people should be able to make their own decision and have the right to choose to be good, physically fit, and happy. These three important things can better a persons life. The nature of knowledge is what I want to talk about next. Knowledge to me is comprehension that sticks with a person eternally. I believe knowledge can be on inherited from other family members. Fortunate for some, not too fortunate for others. Most children are born with the ability to learn, but, how fast a pace they learn makes a difference. A perfect example is if a student goes to Harvard, more than likely has previou... ... will give me the opportunity to make these ideas I have into reality. I know that after few years of teaching, I will make a kettle of fish of changes and adjustments. Seeing the vari eties of teaching styles of my co-workers as well as experimenting. eventually would like to be able to join groups with other teachers and professionals that will allow me to learn more about teaching. Well, there you have it, my philosophy of education. I am aware that there are many ways of teaching and I am passage to experience the different kinds. I am going to be very open-minded about other teachers philosophies and not criticize them. The variety of people is what makes the work go round and that is why all the teachers have different ways of teaching. However, I feel that the importance of these five components need to be stressed throughout the classrooms in all types of schools.

Amazon.com and Business Essay -- Essays Papers

MidoAbstract Amazon.com is an On-line retailer of, originally, books. The company was established as a micro enterprise in the US in 1994. Since then it has enjoyed fast expansion in all aspects of its surgical procedures, including business turnover, and a spectacular rise in sh ar value since public floatation in 1997. New online web sites based in Germany and UK and a distri unlession centre in Amsterdam were established in 1998 to cater for European markets. On August 30, 2000 Amzon.com launched its third site come inside the US, Amazon.fr in France. Amazon.com sells only on-line and is essentially an information broker. It holds a relatively small, though increasing, inventory and outsources most aspects of its operations (but not IT). The key to its operation is to offer value added and sophisticated customised services, a continuously expanding catalogue of products in terms of both quantity and range, and deep discounts. Alliances and partnerships with publishers, othe r on-line retailers and technology providers are therefore strategic. The ambition of the company today is to become a premier general on-line retailer by leveraging on its existing notice and business model. Amazon.com Business Overview History When founder and CEO Jeff Bezos studied retailing opportunities on the Internet, he decided on books because there was a broad guinea pig of book publishers but too many titles to be carried by a single store. Everyone reads books but has different preferences about what s/he wants to read. Although Jeff Bezos had no prior experience in the book trade, he saw a business opportunity in selling books solely on the Web. He started the company out of his garage in a Seattle suburb, wrapping orders and then delivering them to the post office in the family car. The characteristics of the books retailing industry make it amenable to electronic commerce a great variety of products and consumer tastes, and tastes which hanker after a lot of inform ation about the products. Moreover, there is room for bringing down margins, i.e. offering customers deep discounts. Jeff Bezos picked the work Amazon because it is the biggest river on earth. He wanted his on-line bookstore to become Earths Biggest Bookstore, but without the need to stock vast quantities of books. Amazon.com would be lean, fit but hungry. A screenshot of Amazon.coms very first hom... ....uk, covers liability up to 50. Privacy PolicyAmazon.coms privacy statement details what information it collects from users when placing an order or signing onto a specific service. When Amazon recently (September 2000) changed its privacy policy, it decided to inform all its customers proactively by e-mail, rather than just updating the policy on site, as is honey oil Web practice. IT infrastructureSubstantially all of Amazon.coms computer and communications hardware is located at its physical site in Seattle, USA. Amazon.com uses an internally developed frame for its Website and substantially all aspects of transaction processing, including Order management Cash and credit card processing Purchasing Inventory management Shipping. Amazon.com uses Netscape Secure Commerce host over SSL for order and customer accounts management. Customers credit card information is stored in a separate machine connected to the Commerce Server via a proprietary one-way interface. It runs a RealAudio Server over TCP with media stream transmission via UDP for supplying sound clips. Shipping carriersDHL, Purolator, UPS and US Postal Service.